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تاريخ التسجيل : 12/10/2010
 | موضوع: Modal Auxiliaries  السبت مارس 05, 2011 10:29 pm | |
| Modal AuxiliariesPresent and Future Forms Modal
or modal auxiliaries do not express tense or time, but they change the
meaning of the base verb. The meaning changes according to the context
of the sentence. هي كلمات لا تغير الصيغة او الوقت بل المعنى للفعل الاساسي. The modals are: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, have to, had better, ought Modals, or modal auxiliaries, are helping verbs. Some quick rules about modals that you should follow.هذه بعض القواعد العامة لاستعمال الـ Modals: 1. Modals are always accompanied by other verbsModals دائما تتبع بافعال اخرىHe may come late.They should be here. 2. Modals are followed by the simple form of the verb. Modals تتبع بالشكل البسيط للفعل اي أننا لا نقوم بأي تغييرات على الفعل كزيادة s - ing - ed الخ...Tom will pass the test.Something good might happen. 3. To form a negative sentence, place not after the modalلاستعمال الـ Modals بالنفي كل ما علينا فعله هو اضافة كلمة not بعد الـ modal verbExample: I could not lift the heavy box alone. I needed some help. 4. In a question, the modal appears before the subjectلاستعمال الـ Modals بصيغة الاستفهام كل ما علينا فعله هو وضع الـ modal verb في اول السؤال يليه الفاعل ثم الفعل الثانيExample: May I leave early today? Modals and Their Uses 1. Ability The quality of being able to do somethingالقدرة a. Can expresses a present or future ability.can تستعمل للحديث عن القدرات في الحاضر و المستقبلExamples: · Meena can teach reading class. · Hallry can speak Cambodian. · Bob can go to work tomorrow. b. Could expresses a past abilitycould تستعمل للحديث عن القدرات في الماضيExamples · Harold could ride a unicycle when he was younger. · Bob could play tennis well when he was a teenager. · Jane could function with less sleep when she was a girl. N.B. Be able to can also be used to express ability.ملاحظة هامة: be able to قد تستعمل للدلالة على المقدرةBe (am/is/are) +able to is used I the present or future.· He isn’t able to stand on his hands.Be (was/were) + able to is used in the past.· He was able to use his left hand when his arm was broken.Be able to is more commonly used with other modal auxiliaries.غالبا ما تستعمل be able to مع الـ modals لاخرى· Will Gregg be able to pass the test?· We may be able to visit you next week.You should be able to give us more time 2. Request the act of asking for something to be given or done, esp. as a favorالطلب Use would, could, can or will to ask someone to do somethingتستعمل would, could, can, will لطلب عمل ما من شخص آخر Examples:· Can you switch on the light for me?· Will you go to the shop for me?· Would you do me a favour? . Permissionapproval to do somethingالاذن: طلب الاذن للقيام بعمل ما Can, could and may are used to ask for permission. Examples:· Can I have some candy? · Could I switch on the light for me?· May I use your phone? There are many ways to answer permissions.Could I sit here?Yes, you can.هذه بعض الأمثلة عن الطرق التي تستعمل لطلب الاذنCertainly. / Sure. / Of course. / By all means. / No. Please, don't. 4. Advicesuggestions to a person about what he should doالنصيحة a. Both should and ought to are used to give advice. Ought to is not common in questions or in negative sentences.Ought to لا تستعمل في النفي و السؤال· I should study hard.· I ought to study, too. b. Had better is stronger than should or ought to. It is used for urgent advice.Had better هي في المعنى اقوى من should or ought to و عادة يتضمن معناها التحذير · You had (You'd) better take the early bus.Had better refers to the present or the future but never to the past. . Necessityobligation / an unavoidable need or compulsion to do somethingالضرورة في القيام بعمل ما (لا يوجد خيار في ذلك) a. Must
expresses an affirmative, strong necessity in the present or future. An
obligation expressed by must have is imposed by the speaker or by the
law.تستعمل Must للحديث عن الضرورات المفروضة إما من القانون او من الشخص المتكلم على الشخص المستمع · A soldier must obey army regulations. (The law says so.)· You must follow traffic regulations. (The law says so.) b. Have to
expresses an affirmative, strong necessity in the present or future. An
obligation expressed by have to is imposed by external circumstances.تستعمل Have to للحديث عن الضرورات المفروضة من قبل اشخاص او ظروف أخرى غير القانون و المتكلم · Mother says that you have to be home before sunset. (Mother says so.)· You have to have a driver’s license. 6. Prohibition - المنع Must not (mustn't) is used to express prohibition."Must not" means that you have no choice. You are not supposed to do something. تستعمل Must not للحديث عن المنع او الضرورة بعدم القيام بعمل ما. و هي لا تتضمن اية اختيارات · You must not smoke at the gas station. · You must not stay in the room during a fire drill. . Lack of necessity - عدم الضرورة 11. Promise - الوعد will is used to talk about future promisesI will give you a nice giftI promise that i will love you forever 12. Predicition - التوقع will is used to talk about future predicitionsI think it will rain tomorrowMaybe he will go to France next week 13. Spontaneous Decision القرار المفاجئWill is used to talk about sudden decisions at the time of speaking The bus is late: I will go by carThe bell is ringing: I will open the door أتمنى أن ينال الدرس اعجابكم و ان تستفيدوا منه [/center] | |
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