حروف الجر Prepositions

Prepositions = أحرف الجر


Prepositions are words that are usually followed by nouns
or pronouns. A noun or pronoun that comes after a preposition is calles the object of the preposition

Below there are some of the most common prepositions, their meanings and examples on each one of them

1- About
(عن) a. On the subject of
This is a story about elephants
(ما يقارب) b. Approximately
He is about ten years old

2- Above
(أعلى من - فوق) a. Higher than; over
The plane flew above the clouds

3- Across
(عبر) a. From one side to the other
We walked across the field
(في الجهة المقابلة) b. On the other side of
There is a store across the street

4- After
(بعد {زمان}) a. Later in time
after ten o'clock; after lunch
(وراء {مكان}) b. In pursuit of
The dog ran after the cat

5- Against
(ضد) a. In opposition to
Theft is against the law
(على بمعنى يسند الشيء بمحاذاة شيء آخر) b. Touching; supported by
I leaned my bicycle against the wall

6- Along
(على طول مثلا الطريق - الشارع) a. Following the length of
We walked along the road

7- Among
(بين مجموعة اي ثلاثة و ما فوق) a. Within a group
The money was shared among three people

8- Around
( حول) a. Circling something
We walked around the block
(حول) b. Surrounding
There is a fence around the garden
( في أرجاء مختلفة من المكان)c. In different parts of
I looked around the house for the keys
(ما يقارب) d. Approximately
He is around six feet tall

9- At
(في مكان او موقع محدد) a. A specific location
at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park
(في زمن محدد) b. A point in time
at 5 o'clock; at night
(في حالة او وضع معين) c. A condition
at peace; at war; at rest
(في نشاط ما) d. An activity
at work; at school; at play
(في اتجاه) e. Towards
Look at someone; wave at someone

10- Before
(قبل) a. Earlier in time
before two o'clock; before Christmas
(قبل) b. Earlier in a series
S comes before T in the alphabet

11- Behind
(خلف) a. At the back of
The little girl hid behind her mother.
(متأخر) b. Late
I am behind in my work
(خلف بمعنى سبب) c. Cause; origin
Who was behind that idea

12- Below
(تحت) a. Lower than; under
below freezing; below sea level

13- Beneath
. (تحت) Lower than; below
beneath the earth

14- Beside
(بجانب) Next to; at the side of
I sit beside her in class

15- Besides
(أيضاً - بالإضافة إلى) Also; as well as
We study other languages besides English

16- Between
(بين موقعين او مكانين) a. An intermediate location:
Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver.
(بين زمانين او مناسبتين) b. An intermediate time
between Christmas and New Year's Day
(بين شيئين في سلسلة) c. Intermediate in a series:
B comes between A and C in the alphabet.
(بين مجموعتين) d. Within a group of two:
The money was shared between two people

17- Beyond
(أبعد من) a. Farther than
The mountains lie beyond the horizon.
(يفوق) b. Further than; exceeding
That was beyond my expectations.

18- But
(ما عدا - إلاّ) Except:
I have read all but the last chapter.

19- By
(قرب) a. Near
a house by the sea
(مروراً) b. Past
He waved as he drove by the house.
(بوحدة قياس معينة) c. In units of
cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight
(ب - من خلال) d. Through the means of
travel by plane; written by him

يتبع

1. Despite
المعنى1: inspite of أو بالرغم من
مثال: We walked downtown despite the rain.

2. Down
المعنى 1: To a lower position نزولاً أو إلى أسفل
مثال: The ball rolled down the hill.

3. During
المعنى: Throughout a period: أو خلال
مثال: She works during the day.

4. Except
المعنى: Not including أو ما عدا:
مثال: I have visited everyone except him.

( لـ ) 5. For
المعنى 1 : Duration of time أو لمدة من الزمن
مثال: We walked for two hours.
المعنى 2: Distance: أو لمسافة معينة
مثال: I walked for five kilometers.
المعنى 3: Purpose: أو لغرض ما
مثال: I bought this jacket for you.
المعنى 4:In favor of: أو مع (أي يدعم أقتراح و ليس ضد)
مثال: We are for the proposal.
المعنى 5: Considering: نظراً لـ
مثال: The boy is clever for his age.

6. From
المعنى 1: من مكان Place of origin:
مثال: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico
المعنى 2: من نقطة زمنية Start of a period of time:
مثال:from now on; from yesterday until today
المعنى 3: من Cause:
مثال: He suffers from nervousness.
المعنى 4: من مصدر Source:
I first heard the story from you.

7. In
المعنى 1: في Within a location:
أمثلة: in the room; in London in the building
المعنى 2: خلال مدة زمنية محددة Within a certain time:
مثال: I will return in an hour.
المعنى 3: بـ (بواسطة) By means of:
مثال: write in pencil; speak in English

8. Inside
المعنى: في داخل Within:
مثال: They are inside the house.

9. Into
المعنى 1: إلى داخل To the inside of:
مثال: We stepped into the room.
المعنى 2: من حال إلى حال أخرى Change of condition:
مثال: The boy changed into a man.


10. Like
المعنى 1: مشابهاً (كأنه)Resembling:
مثال: That looks like him.

11. Near
المعنى : قرب Close to:
مثال: near the school; near the ocean

12. Of
المعنى 1: (الـ)
مثال: the middle of the road ; the sound of music
المعنى 2: جزء من مجموعة Part of a group:
مثال: one of us; a member of the team
المعنى 3: من (للقياس) Measurement:
مثال: a cup of milk; two meters of snow

13. Off
المعنى 1: بعيدا عن او من Not on; away from:
مثال: Please keep off the grass.

14. On
المعنى 1: على (اي على سطح الشيء) Touching the surface of:
مثال: on the table; on the wall
المعنى 2: في يوم محدد A certain day:
مثال: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June.
المعنى 3: في شارع محدد A certain street:
مثال: on South Street
المعنى 4: في حالة معينة A state or condition:
مثال: on strike; on fire; on holiday
المعنى 5: على (أي من خلال)By means of:
مثال: shown on television


15. Onto
المعنى: إلى مكان على To a position on:
The child climbed onto the table.

16. Opposite
المعنى: مقابل أو مواجه Facing:
The library is opposite the fire station.

17. Out of
المعنى 1: خارج الـ To the outside of:
مثال: She went out of the room.
المعنى 2: من ضمن From among:
مثال: We won two games out of three.
المعنى 3: بدافع Motive:
مثال: We spoke to them out of politeness.
المعنى 4: بعيدأ عن Beyond:
مثال: out of control; out of danger

18. Outside
المعنى: خارج On the outer side of:
مثال: outside the house

19. Over
المعنى: أعلى Above; higher than:
مثال: There are cupboards over the sink.
المعنى 2: على (مغطياً) Covering:
مثال: We spread an extra blanket over the bed.
المعنى 3: أكثر من More than:
مثال: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour
المعنى 4: خلال فترة زمنية محددة During:
مثال: I saw him several times over the past week.