Parts of Speech
أقسام الكلام
كما في كل اللغات، تتألف اللغة
الانجليزية من كلمات. و هذه الكلمات بدروها تنقسم الى 8 أقسام تدعى
أقسام الكلام او Parts of speech.
اولا:الاسماء Nouns
Nouns are names of
persons, places, objects and ideas
الاسماء هي ما نسمي او ندعو به كل
شيء حولنا من اشخاص او حيوانات او اشياء او افكار
persons: student,
Walid, mother
animals: cat, frog,
horse
places: library,
street, Egypt
things: desk, table,
chair
ideas: friendship,
love, honesty
ثانيا: Pronouns
Pronouns are words
that replace a noun. Like the noun they replace, they can refer
to a person, object, or idea
هي الضمائر و التي تحل عادة محل الاسماء في الجملة و ممكن
ان تدل مثل الاسماء على اشخاص او اشياء او حيوانات الخ...
person: I, you, he,
she, we, they
thing/idea: this,
that, these, those
ثالثا: Verbs
Verbs are words
that express action. They also indicate when the action takes
place through the tense used
الافعال و هي ما نقوم به من أعمال و الافعال لها صيغ و
اشكال مختلفة
examples: bark, read, write, talk, play,
decide
رابعا: Adjectives
Adjectives are
words that describe a noun or a pronoun. An adjective could
define the number, color, state, or kind of a noun or pronoun
الصفات هي الكلمات التي تصف الاسماء او الضمائر و هي تعبر
عن اللون او العدد او الحالة او النوع الخ..
Number: five, ten ,
thirty
Color: green, red,
brown
State: old, tidy,
respectable
Kind: Italian, comical
تأتي الصفات عادة في اللغة
الانجليزية قبل الاسماءمثلا:
red rose,
hot tea,
beautiful girl
و لكنها ممكن ان تأتي بعض الافعال
مثل verb be مثلا:she is
beautiful
He is smart
We are
happy
او بعد الافعال التي تعبر عن الحالات او كيف تبدو الاشياء
linking verbs
The food tastes
good
The perfume smells
nice
He looks
sad
خامسا: Adverbs
Adverbs are words that describe a verb
giving additional information about when, where, or how the
action occurred
هي كلمات تصف الافعال و تعطي معلومات اضافية عن متى و اين
و كيف حدث الفعل
When: yearly, often,
yesterday, always, usually
Where: away, down,
outside, up
How: loudly,
correctly, fast, slowly
سادسا: Prepositions
Prepositions are words used with nouns or
pronouns to connect them with other verbs in the sentence
احرف الجر هي كلمات تستعمل مع الاسماء او الضمائر و تربطهم
مع باقي اجزاء الجملة
Examples: in, on, at, from, above, behind,
through, across
ملاحظة هامة: بعض احرف الجر قد تأتي
adverbs في بعض الجمل. حتى تعرف اذا كانت الكلمة حرف جر او adverb
نظر الى الكلمة التي بعدها. اذا كانت الكلمة اسم او ضمير عندها
تكون الكلمة حرف جر اما اذا كانت غير هذا ان ان الجملة انتهت عند
الكلمة المحيرة عندها تكون adverb
we went around the field
around نا هي حرف جر لأنه جاء بدها اسم the
field
اما اذا كانت الجملة we went around فهنا around هي adverb
لأنها في آخر الجملة
سابعا: Conjunctions
Conjunctions are
words that connect words, phrases or clauses. A conjunction may
be a coordinating, subordinating or a correlative conjunction
هي كلمات تقوم
بربط الجمل او اجزا من الجمل ببعضها لتعطي معنى اوضح و افضل
Coordinating
conjunction: and, or, but, for, so, yet, nor
subordinating
conjunction: when, where, after, even though, because, which,
whose, however
correlative
conjunction, not only...but also, neither,,,nor, either....or
ثامنا: Interjunctions
An interjection is an unusual kind of word,
because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which
express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by
exclamation marks.
هي عبارة عن كلمات تعبر فقط عن شعور
قوي او مفاجأة و عادة يكون بعدها علامة تعجب !
Examples:
Ouch!,
Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!
تاسعا: Articles
An article is used to
introduce a noun
عادة تستعمل قبل الاسم
Examples:
the, a,
an
examples
The old
lady was crossing the street
the = article
old = adjective
lady = noun
was = helping verb
crossing = main verb
the = article
street = noun
Ykies! I'm late for class
Yikes =
interjunction
I = pronoun
m or am = verb
late = adjective
for = preposition
class = noun
The
clown chased a dog around the ring and then fell on her face
the = article
clown = noun
chased = verb
a = article
dog = noun
around = preposition
the = article
ring =
noun
and = conjunction
then = adverb
fell = verb
on = preposition
her = pronoun
face = noun
Label the parts of
speech of the following sentences
That suitcase is
hers
Everyone in the room
cheered when the announcement was made
Dust covered every
surface in the bedroom
This
old chair is comfortable, and I am sleepy
We
have read several funny stories recently
اختبر نفسك في هذا الدرس