Last year & in the last year

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last
year" means the year before now, and it is considered a specific time
which requires Simple Past. "In the last year" means from 365 days ago
until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requires Present
Perfect.

الاولى : last year تعتبر زمن محدد في الماضي (السنة الماضية) لذلك نستخدم معها الماضي البسيط
الثانية : in the last year تعتبر زمن غير محدد (احد الـ 365 يوم الماضية ولحد الان) لذلك نستخدم معها المضارع التام

امثلة

•I went to Mexico last year.
I went to Mexico in the calendar year before this one.
•I have been to Mexico in the last year.
I have been to Mexico at least once at some point between 365 days ago and now

» Months of the Year