Participial Adjectives

موضوع: Participial Adjectives الجمعة أبريل 29, 2011 6:47 am

Adjectives -Participial Adjectives

Introduction

Most present and past participle forms of verbs that describe
emotion or feelings can be used as adjectives, but the meanings of the participles are not the same. For example:

A fresh ocean breeze on a hot summer day is
refreshing, so I feel refreshed.

The present participle (-ing form of the verb) refers to
something or somebody that causes the feeling:

The breeze is refreshing. (The breeze causes this feeling.)

The past participle (-ed form of the verb) is used to express how
a person is affected by something.

I feel refreshed. (I am experiencing this feeling
as a result of the breeze.)

Note that you cannot use the past participle/–ed form with things because things do not have emotions.

The following are some of the most common verbs expressing
feelings and emotions and their present and past participial forms.

Verb Present Participle (-ing) Past Participle (-ed)

astonish	astonishing	astonished
bore	boring	bored
challenge	challenging	challenged
comfort	comforting	comforted
compel	compelling	compelled
depress	depressing	depressed
devastate	devastating	devastated
disappoint	disappointing	disappointed
excite	exciting	excited
inspire	inspiring	inspired

Verb Present Participle (-ing) Past Participle (-ed)

intimidate	intimidating	intimidated
interest	interesting	interested
mystify	mystifying	mystified
puzzle	puzzling	puzzled
satisfy	satisfying	satisfied
shock	shocking	shocked
surprise	surprising	surprised
tempt	tempting	tempted
threaten	threatening	threatened
tire	tiring	tired

Here are some other common verbs which follow the same pattern to express feelings and emotions:

amaze, amuse, annoy, calm, confuse, disgust ,
distract, disturb, embarrass, encourage, entertain, fascinate, frighten , frustrate, infuriate, insult , please, refresh, relax, sicken, stimulate, surprise, terrify , thrill, worry

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